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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(3): 378-384, mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389464

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) suffer a progressive deterioration of functional status and a decrease in independence in activities of daily living. Locomotor Syndrome (SL) is the involvement of the musculoskeletal system due to the deterioration caused by age. Aim: In patients with COPD, to evaluate the prevalence in LS and assess its impact on functional status and quality of life. Material and Methods: Cross sectional assessment of 259 patients with COPD. LS was evaluated with the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GFLS-25). Those with a score < 16 were classified as having LS. Functional status was evaluated with dynamometry, Five Times Sit-to-Stand test, and the Modified Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire. Functional impairment was measured with the London Chest Activity of Daily Living, and the quality of life was evaluated with EuroQol-5D. Results: LS was found in 139 patients (53%). Activity levels and muscle strength were lower in these patients. Also, they had a higher frequency of functional impairment and a lower quality of life perception. Conclusions: LS in patients with COPD impacts their functional status and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Aged , Quality of Life , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Activities of Daily Living , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(supl.1): 125-131, mayo 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124249

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus es una de las principales causas de bacteriemia, adquirida en la comunidad o asociada con la atención en salud, la cual presenta un gran porcentaje de complicaciones y elevadas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Los criterios SRIS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) se han usado tradicionalmente con el fin de establecer la presencia de sepsis; sin embargo, recientemente se ha cuestionado su valor predictivo dada su baja sensibilidad y especificidad. En el 2016, apareció la escala qSOFA (quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), como una nueva herramienta para la evaluación rápida de las infecciones en los servicios de urgencias. Objetivo. Comparar las herramientas qSOFA y SRIS para la predicción de la bacteriemia por S. aureus. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional sobre el comportamiento clínico de pacientes con bacteriemia por S. aureus para evaluar el perfil de resistencia fenotípica, algunas características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio, las complicaciones y la mortalidad, así como los resultados de las evaluaciones con la escala qSOFA y los criterios SRIS, para establecer cuál podría predecir mejor la presencia de bacteriemia por S. aureus. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 26 pacientes con bacteriemia, en cuyas muestras S. aureus había sido el segundo germen más frecuentemente aislado. Se encontró una mortalidad del 50 % (13 casos) y una prevalencia del 30 % de S. aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM). Según los puntajes clínicos obtenidos, la escala qSOFA fue positiva en 30,8 % de los pacientes y los criterios SRIS lo fueron en el 92,3 %. Discusión. Se encontró una elevada mortalidad en la población analizada. La escala qSOFA fue menos efectiva para el diagnóstico que los criterios clásicos de reacción inflamatoria sistémica.


Introduction: One of the primary causes of community-acquired bacteremia also associated with nosocomial infections is Staphylococcus aureus, which is responsible for a high percentage of complications leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria have been traditionally used to evaluate the presence of sepsis; however, recent evidence questions its predictive value due to its low sensitivity and specificity. In 2016, new criteria for sepsis were published and a new tool emerged, quick SOFA (qSOFA), for the rapid evaluation of infection in emergency services. Objective: To compare the qSOFA and SRIS tools for the prediction of bacteremia caused by S. aureus. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational study in patients with S. aureus bacteremia to evaluate their phenotypic resistance patterns, some special features (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and paraclinical values), complications, and mortality. The results of the qSOFA and SIRS scales were analyzed to identify which of them could better predict the presence of S. aureus bacteremia. Results: Twenty-six bacteremic patients were identified. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most frequently isolated bacteria. The results evidenced a mortality rate of 50% (13 cases) and a prevalence of 30% of MRSA. For the clinical scores evaluated, the qSOFA scale was positive in 30.8% of the patients, and the SIRS scale, in 92.3%. Discussion: The mortality rate for the population under study was high and the qSOFA tool had a lower diagnostic yield compared to the classic criteria for SIRS.


Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus , Cross Infection , Bacteremia , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Organ Dysfunction Scores
3.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 21(4): 352-360, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770389

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concurrent validity of the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety among the psychological measurement instruments: Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD); Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2); and Sports Psychological Inventory LOEHR. For this purpose, a correlational study was conducted between the selected variables and pertinent aspects of the measurement instruments. The study has revealed that the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety are relevant in all three instruments, although not in all of the selected items.


O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a validade concorrente das variáveis psicológicas de autoconfiança e ansiedade entre os instrumentos de medição psicológica: Questionário de Características Psicológicas relacionadas ao Desempenho Esportivo (CPRD), Inventário de Ansiedade Estado Competitivo-2 (CSAI-2) e Inventário Psicológico Esportivo LOEHR. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre os itens selecionados e coincidentes em tais instrumentos. A análise revelou que as variáveis psicológicas autoconfiança e ansiedade guardam relação nos três instrumentos, mas não em todos os itens selecionados.


El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la validez concurrente de las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad entre los instrumentos de medición psicológica: Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD), Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) e Inventario Psicológico Deportivo LOEHR. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio correlacional entre los ítems seleccionados y coincidentes en dichos instrumentos. El estudio ha revelado que las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad guardan relación en los tres instrumentos, aunque no en todos los ítems seleccionados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety , Athletic Performance/psychology , Psychology, Applied , Sports
4.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 20(3): 239-248, Jul-Sep/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-724015

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed Spanish teachers' behavior and the transmission of gender stereotypes. We observed 48 physical education lessons given by four Spanish teachers (two men and two women). Descriptive codes, which were generated iteratively, were clustered, categorized, integrated, recoded, and re-categorized. They allowed us to identify four major themes related to the transmission of gender stereotypes of teachers: male generics, stereotyped expressions, nominative attention, and priority order. We used a coding sheet as well as audio and video recordings to register the categories. The Kruskal-Wallis test produced significance levels lower than .05, resulting in the rejection of the null hypothesis. Sexist behavior was found in the male generics, nominative attention, and priority order. However, we found no difference in stereotyped expressions...


"Igualdade de gênero em educação física: O uso da linguagem." O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o comportamento dos professores espanhóis na transmissão de estereótipos de gênero para os seus alunos. Observou-se 48 aulas de educação física dadas por quatro professores espanhóis (dois homens e duas mulheres). Os códigos descritivos, que foram gerados de forma iterativa, foram agrupados, categorizados, integrados, recodificados e reclassificados. Identificou-se quatro variáveis relacionando o professorado e a sua transmissão dos estereótipos de gênero: masculinos genéricos, expressões estereotipadas, atenção nominativa e ordem de prioridade. Utilizou-se uma folha de codificação, bem como gravações de áudio e vídeo para os registros. Níveis de significância no teste de Kruskal-Wallis inferiores 0,05 permitiram rejeitar a hipótese nula. Comportamentos sexistas foram encontrados no uso de masculino genérico, a atenção nominativa e ordem de prioridade. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferenças nas expressões estereotipadas...


"La equidad de género en la educación física: El uso del lenguaje." El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el comportamiento de los profesores españoles en la transmisión de estereotipos de género hacia su alumnado. Para ello, se han observado 48 clases de educación física impartidas por cuatro profesores españoles (dos hombres y dos mujeres). Los códigos descriptivos que se generaron de forma interactiva, fueron agrupados, categorizados, integrados, recodificados y recategorizados. Se identificaron cuatro variables relacionadas con el profesorado y su transmisión de estereotipos de género: masculino genérico, expresiones estereotipadas, atención nominativa y orden de prelación. Para el registro de las categorías se utilizó una hoja de observación, junto con grabaciones de audio y vídeo. Niveles de significación en el test de Kruskal-Wallis inferiores a ,05 permitieron rechazar la hipótesis nula. Se encontraron comportamientos sexistas en el uso del masculino genérico, la atención nominativa y el orden de prelación. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en las expresiones estereotipadas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Gender Identity , Interpersonal Relations , Observation/methods , Physical Education and Training
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